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AP Statistics

AP · College BoardStatistics457 cards

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Flashcards for AP Statistics (College Board), split into the five units of the redesigned Course and Exam Description effective from the 2026-27 course year, then by topic in each unit's own order. An extra note says whether a formula is given on the exam's formula sheet or has to be recalled.

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What is inside (60 subdecks)

  • Unit 1: Exploring One-Variable Data and Collecting Data142 cards
    • 1.1 Introducing Statistics: What Can We Learn from Data?8 cards
    • 1.2 Variables14 cards
    • 1.3 Tabular Representation and Summary Statistics for One Categorical Variable7 cards
    • 1.4 Graphical Representations for One Categorical Variable6 cards
    • 1.5 Graphical Representations for One Quantitative Variable8 cards
    • 1.6 Descriptions for One Quantitative Variable Distributions10 cards
    • 1.7 Summary Statistics for One Quantitative Variable20 cards
    • 1.8 Graphical Representations of Summary Statistics for One Quantitative Variable8 cards
    • 1.9 Comparisons of the Distributions for One Quantitative Variable9 cards
    • 1.10 The Investigative Question Revisited and Data Collection20 cards
    • 1.11 Random Sampling8 cards
    • 1.12 Potential Problems with Sampling6 cards
    • 1.13 Experimental Design18 cards
  • Unit 2: Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions84 cards
    • 2.1 Tabular and Graphical Representations for the Distributions of Two Categorical Variables5 cards
    • 2.2 Summary Statistics for Two Categorical Variables5 cards
    • 2.3 Estimating Probabilities Using Simulation7 cards
    • 2.4 Introduction to Probability8 cards
    • 2.5 Mutually Exclusive Events4 cards
    • 2.6 Conditional Probability4 cards
    • 2.7 Independent Events and Unions of Events8 cards
    • 2.8 Introduction to Random Variables and Probability Distributions5 cards
    • 2.9 Parameters of Random Variables7 cards
    • 2.10 The Binomial Distribution10 cards
    • 2.11 The Normal Distribution15 cards
    • 2.12 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem6 cards
  • Unit 3: Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions111 cards
    • 3.1 Estimators3 cards
    • 3.2 Sampling Distributions for Sample Proportions6 cards
    • 3.3 Constructing a Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion15 cards
    • 3.4 Justifying a Claim Based on a Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion9 cards
    • 3.5 Setting Up a Test for a Population Proportion9 cards
    • 3.6 p-Values8 cards
    • 3.7 Carrying Out a Test for a Population Proportion10 cards
    • 3.8 Potential Errors When Performing Tests10 cards
    • 3.9 Sampling Distributions for the Difference Between Sample Proportions6 cards
    • 3.10 Constructing a Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions5 cards
    • 3.11 Justifying a Claim Based on a Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions3 cards
    • 3.12 Setting Up a Test for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions5 cards
    • 3.13 Carrying Out a Test for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions4 cards
    • 3.14 Setting Up a Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity or Independence9 cards
    • 3.15 Carrying Out a Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity or Independence9 cards
  • Unit 4: Inference for Quantitative Data: Means67 cards
    • 4.1 Sampling Distributions for Sample Means6 cards
    • 4.2 Constructing a Confidence Interval for a Population Mean or Population Mean Difference15 cards
    • 4.3 Justifying a Claim Based on a Confidence Interval for a Population Mean or Population Mean Difference7 cards
    • 4.4 Setting Up a Test for a Population Mean or Population Mean Difference7 cards
    • 4.5 Carrying Out a Test for a Population Mean or Population Mean Difference6 cards
    • 4.6 Sampling Distributions for the Difference Between Two Sample Means6 cards
    • 4.7 Constructing a Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Means7 cards
    • 4.8 Justifying a Claim Based on a Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Means3 cards
    • 4.9 Setting Up a Test for the Difference Between Two Population Means5 cards
    • 4.10 Carrying Out a Test for the Difference Between Two Population Means5 cards
  • Unit 5: Regression Analysis53 cards
    • 5.1 Graphical Representations Between Two Quantitative Variables9 cards
    • 5.2 Correlation11 cards
    • 5.3 Linear Regression Models9 cards
    • 5.4 Residuals11 cards
    • 5.5 Least-Squares Regression13 cards

Some of its cards

  • In a two-sample t-test comparing two means, what is the test statistic formula?
    t=(xˉ1−xˉ2)−0s12n1+s22n2t = \dfrac{(\bar{x}_1-\bar{x}_2)-0}{\sqrt{\dfrac{s_1^2}{n_1}+\dfrac{s_2^2}{n_2}}}
  • Under the null hypothesis, what is the null distribution?
    The probability distribution of the test statistic, assuming H0H_0 is true
  • What is a linear regression model used for?
    Approximating the relationship between an explanatory variable and a response variable, when the form looks linear
  • Name three graphs that show the distribution of a single quantitative variable.
    Histograms, stem-and-leaf plots and dotplots
  • How should the confidence level of an interval for a difference in two proportions be interpreted?
    In repeated random sampling with the same sizes, approximately C% of such intervals would capture the true difference
  • What is the sample space of a random process?
    The set of all possible, non-overlapping outcomes
  • What does the chi-square statistic measure?
    The distance between observed and expected counts, relative to the expected counts
  • What does it mean for events AA and BB to be independent?
    That knowing whether AA occurred does not change the probability that BB occurs
  • What is the mean of the sampling distribution of p^1−p^2\hat{p}_1-\hat{p}_2?
    μp^1−p^2=p1−p2\mu_{\hat{p}_1-\hat{p}_2} = p_1-p_2
  • Why is a statistical study usually needed instead of measuring an entire population?
    The population is often too large, or too difficult to reach every individual in it

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