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SQA Higher History

Higher · SQAHistory60 notes in 22 folders, 499 KB

Notes for SQA Higher History (course code C837 76), in three folders for the British, European and world, and Scottish areas of study, with one folder for each of the specification's options and a few notes in each. Delete the option folders your course does not take once the notes are yours.

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What is inside

  • British
    • Church, state and feudal society, 1066–1406
      • Feudal society and the medieval church in England and Scotland, 1066–14068 KB
      • Royal power under David I, Henry II and John, 1124–121610 KB
      • The decline of feudal society in England and Scotland, 14th century8 KB
    • The century of revolutions, 1603–1702
      • James VI and I and Charles I in Scotland, 1603–16428 KB
      • Civil war in England and the search for a settlement, 1625–16589 KB
      • The Revolution Settlement of 1688–89 and its significance, 1660–17029 KB
    • The trade in enslaved African people
      • The development of the trade in enslaved African people and its importance to the British economy, 17th and 18th centuries8 KB
      • Enslaved Africans, their owners and African societies in the 18th century trade8 KB
      • Obstacles to abolition and the abolition of the British slave trade in 18078 KB
    • Britain, 1851–1951
      • Democracy and the vote in Britain, 1851–19287 KB
      • Why some women were given the vote in Britain in 19187 KB
      • The Liberal social welfare reforms in Britain, 1906–19148 KB
      • The Labour government's welfare reforms, 1945–19517 KB
    • Britain and Ireland, 1900–1985
      • Tension in Ireland to 1914 and the impact of the First World War on Ireland8 KB
      • The road to the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish Civil War, 1918–19238 KB
      • Northern Ireland: the crisis of the 1960s and the obstacles to peace, 1921–198510 KB
  • European and world
    • The Crusades, 1071–1204
      • The First Crusade, 1095–1099: why it was called, why people took the cross and why it succeeded10 KB
      • The fall of Jerusalem in 1187 and the Third Crusade, 1187–11928 KB
      • The decline of the crusading ideal and the Fourth Crusade, 1099–12046 KB
    • The American Revolution, 1763–1787
      • Colonial resentment and the move towards independence in British America, to 17768 KB
      • British opinion, the global war and the colonists' victory in the American Revolution, 1775–17839 KB
      • The political impact of the American Revolution and the Constitution of 17877 KB
    • The French Revolution, to 1799
      • The Ancien Régime and the origins of the French Revolution of 17898 KB
      • Constitutional monarchy, war and the Terror in France, 1789–17958 KB
      • The establishment of the Consulate in 1799 and the impact of the French Revolution7 KB
    • Germany, 1815–1939
      • German nationalism and the obstacles to unification, 1815–185010 KB
      • The unification of Germany by 18718 KB
      • Why the Nazis achieved power in Germany in 19338 KB
      • How the Nazis stayed in power in Germany, 1933–19398 KB
    • Italy, 1815–1939
      • Italian nationalism and the obstacles to unification, 1815–185010 KB
      • The unification of Italy by 18708 KB
      • Why the Fascists achieved power in Italy, 1919–19258 KB
      • How the Fascists stayed in power in Italy, 1922–19398 KB
    • Russia, 1881–1921
      • The Tsarist state before 1905 and the revolution of 1905 in Russia8 KB
      • Strengthening Tsarism, 1905–1914, and the February Revolution of 19179 KB
      • The October Revolution of 1917 and the victory of the Reds in the Russian Civil War11 KB
    • USA, 1918–1968
      • Immigration in the 1920s and the obstacles to civil rights for Black Americans, to 1941, in the USA11 KB
      • The economic crisis of 1929–1933 and the New Deal in the USA10 KB
      • The Civil Rights movement in the USA, 1945–196810 KB
    • Appeasement and the road to war, to 1939
      • Fascist foreign policy in the 1930s: the aims and methods of Germany and Italy7 KB
      • British appeasement and the containment of Fascist aggression, 1935–19388 KB
      • The Munich agreement and the outbreak of war in 19398 KB
    • The Cold War, 1945–1989
      • The emergence of the Cold War and Soviet control of Eastern Europe, 1945–19619 KB
      • The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and the American defeat in the Vietnam War9 KB
      • Managing the Cold War and its end, 1962–19899 KB
  • Scottish
    • The Wars of Independence, 1249–1328
      • The succession crisis and the reign of John Balliol in Scotland, 1286–12967 KB
      • William Wallace, Andrew Murray and Scottish resistance, 1297–13057 KB
      • Robert Bruce and the triumph of Scottish independence, 1306–13288 KB
    • The age of the Reformation, 1542–1603
      • The Scottish Reformation of 15608 KB
      • The personal reign of Mary Queen of Scots, 1561–15678 KB
      • James VI, the Kirk and the impact of the Reformation in Scotland, to 16038 KB
    • The Treaty of Union, 1689–1740
      • Worsening relations between Scotland and England, 1689–17058 KB
      • The arguments over Union and the passing of the Act of Union, 1706–17078 KB
      • The economic and political effects of the Union on Scotland, to 17407 KB
    • Migration and empire, 1830–1939
      • The migration of Scots, 1830–19396 KB
      • Immigrants in Scotland, 1830–1939: Irish, Jewish, Lithuanian and Italian8 KB
      • Scots in the empire and the effects of migration and empire on Scotland, 1830–19399 KB
    • The impact of the Great War, 1914–1928
      • Scots on the Western Front, 1914–19187 KB
      • Scotland at home during the Great War: society and culture7 KB
      • Industry, economy and politics in Scotland, 1914–19289 KB

The first note

British / Church, state and feudal society, 1066–1406 / Feudal society and the medieval church in England and Scotland, 1066–1406

Between the 11th and 14th centuries the kingdoms of England and Scotland were organised around the holding of land. Almost everybody's position in society was defined by who held land from whom and what they owed in return, and the church, which was itself a great landholder, shaped belief, government and daily life alongside the king and the nobles. ## The nature of feudal society In theory the king owned all the land of his kingdom. He kept a share of it for himself, the royal demesne, and granted the rest to tenants-in-chief in return for loyalty and service, usually military. In England this arrangement was built up after the Norman Conquest of 1066, when William I gave land to his followers and to the church. In Scotland it spread more slowly, and it was above all in the reign of David I (1124–53) that the king began to grant land to knights, many of them of Anglo-Norman origin, on feudal terms. The tenants-in-chief then granted parts of their land to lesser tenants, who granted parts to others in turn, so that a chain of obligation ran from the king down to the peasant who ploughed the field. ### The landed classes The landed classes were the nobility (barons and earls), the bishops and abbots who held church lands, and the knights beneath them. Barons held large estates, often scattered across several counties, and each was expected to provide the king with a fixed number of knights for a set period each year. In return the baron received protection, justice from the…

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