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SEAB GCE O-Level History

GCE · SEABHistory33 notes in 13 folders, 165 KB

Notes for Singapore-Cambridge G3 History (syllabus K330, first examined in 2027), the successor to O-Level History, in folders for each unit in the syllabus's order: European control in Southeast Asia, the aftermath of the First World War, authoritarian regimes, the Second World War, the Cold War, decolonisation and the end of the Cold War. Dutch Indonesia and French Vietnam are optional units with their own folders, so delete the one your class does not study once the notes are yours.

Adding them puts a copy in your notes, in a folder of its own with the folders below, for you to change and turn into flashcards or a question deck. Download gives you a zip of markdown files, which opens in any notes app.

What is inside

  • British Malaya, 1870s–1920s
    • British Malaya before 1870 and the intervention in Perak6 KB
    • British Malaya: the Residential System and the Malay states, 1874–1920s6 KB
    • British Malaya: economic and social change, 1870s–1920s7 KB
    • British Malaya: local responses to British rule, 1870s–1920s5 KB
  • Dutch Indonesia, 1870s–1920s
    • Dutch Indonesia: Dutch presence before 1870 and the extension to the Outer Islands6 KB
    • Dutch Indonesia: transformation and local responses, 1870s–1920s7 KB
  • French Vietnam, 1870s–1920s
    • French Vietnam: French presence before 1870 and the extension of control to Annam and Tonkin5 KB
    • French Vietnam: transformation and Vietnamese responses, 1870s–1920s6 KB
  • After the First World War
    • The First World War, 1914–19184 KB
    • The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles, 19194 KB
    • Europe after the First World War: the end of empires and the new nation-states4 KB
    • The League of Nations and collective security in the 1920s4 KB
  • The rise of authoritarian regimes
    • Political systems in Europe and Asia after the First World War4 KB
    • Germany: the weakness of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Hitler, 1919–19335 KB
    • Nazi Germany: the establishment of Hitler's dictatorship, 1933–19345 KB
    • Nazi Germany: economic and social policies, 1933–19395 KB
    • Militarist Japan: the rise of the military and military control, 1920s–1930s6 KB
  • The outbreak of the Second World War
    • The League of Nations in the 1930s and the Abyssinian Crisis4 KB
    • Germany's aggressive foreign policy, 1935–19395 KB
    • Appeasement, the Nazi-Soviet Pact and the invasion of Poland, 19395 KB
    • The outbreak of war in the Asia-Pacific: Japan's expansion, 1931–19425 KB
  • The end of the Second World War
    • The end of the Second World War: why Germany and Japan were defeated4 KB
  • The Cold War in Europe
    • The Cold War in Europe: the origins, 1945–19485 KB
    • The Cold War in Europe: American containment and the Soviet response, 1947–19554 KB
  • The Cold War in Asia
    • The Communist takeover in China and the Cold War, 1946–19503 KB
    • The Korean War, 1950–19535 KB
    • The Vietnam War, 1954–19755 KB
  • British Malaya, 1945–1957
    • British Malaya, 1945–1957: the impact of the war, the Malayan Union and the Federation5 KB
    • British Malaya: the Cold War, the Emergency and independence in 19576 KB
  • Dutch Indonesia, 1945–1949
    • Dutch Indonesia, 1945–1949: revolution and independence5 KB
  • French Vietnam, 1945–1954
    • French Vietnam, 1945–1954: the Viet Minh and the war with France5 KB
  • The end of the Cold War
    • The Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s: thawing and rising tensions between the USA and the USSR5 KB
    • The decline of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, 1980s–19916 KB

The first note

British Malaya, 1870s–1920s / British Malaya before 1870 and the intervention in Perak

## British interests before 1870 Britain came to the Malay world through trade. The East India Company wanted ports along the route between India and China, and a naval base on the Strait of Malacca to protect that route. It acquired Penang in 1786 from the Sultan of Kedah, Singapore in 1819 through Stamford Raffles's agreement with the Johor ruling family, and took over Malacca from the Dutch under the **Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824**. The treaty settled rivalry between Britain and the Netherlands. The Dutch gave up Malacca and their claims on the Malay peninsula, and Britain gave up its post at Bencoolen on Sumatra. In effect the Malay peninsula and Singapore became a British sphere and Sumatra and the islands to the south a Dutch one. This is why the treaty matters for Malaya: it removed the main European rival from the peninsula and left Britain free to shape what happened there. Penang, Singapore and Malacca were joined as the **Straits Settlements** in 1826. They were run first from India by the East India Company, and in 1867 they became a Crown colony answerable to the Colonial Office in London. They were governed directly, by a governor with a council, and Singapore became the centre of trade. ### Role of the local elites and the policy of non-intervention The Malay states on the peninsula were separate from the Straits Settlements. Each was ruled by a sultan, with chiefs who controlled districts, collected taxes and kept followers. Authority was often contested, and…

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