WJEC GCSE Physics

GCSE · WJECPhysics37 notes in 15 folders, 189 KB

Notes for WJEC GCSE Physics (3420, the Wales specification), in folders for its three units, with a sub-folder for each topic in the order the specification gives them. The specified practicals sit in the topics they belong to, Higher-tier content is marked where it sits, and a final folder covers scientific enquiry skills, terminology and mathematical skills. Delete any note your tier does not need once the notes are yours.

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What is inside

Electricity, energy and waves
- Electric circuits
  - Circuit components, current and potential difference5 KB
  - Resistance in series and parallel circuits4 KB
  - Current-voltage characteristics of components5 KB
  - Electrical power and energy transferred3 KB
- Generating electricity
  - Energy resources and power stations5 KB
  - Efficiency and Sankey diagrams5 KB
  - The National Grid and transformers4 KB
- Making use of energy
  - Conduction, convection and radiation4 KB
  - Density and the states of matter5 KB
  - Reducing energy loss from the home4 KB
- Domestic electricity
  - The cost of electricity, a.c. and d.c.3 KB
  - Mains wiring, safety devices and domestic generation7 KB
- Waves
  - Features of waves6 KB
  - The electromagnetic spectrum and radiation4 KB
  - Total internal reflection and optical fibres5 KB
  - Seismic waves4 KB
- Kinetic theory
  - Pressure and the behaviour of gases5 KB
  - Specific heat capacity and latent heat6 KB
- Electromagnetism
  - Magnetic fields and the motor effect5 KB
  - Electromagnetic induction, generators and transformers6 KB
Forces, space and radioactivity
- Distance, speed and acceleration
  - Speed, velocity, acceleration and motion graphs5 KB
  - Stopping distances and road safety4 KB
- Newton's laws, work and energy
  - Newton's laws of motion7 KB
  - Work, kinetic energy and potential energy5 KB
  - Springs and elastic energy5 KB
- Further motion concepts
  - Equations of uniformly accelerated motion4 KB
  - Momentum and its conservation6 KB
  - Moments5 KB
- Stars, planets and the Universe
  - The Solar System, orbits and distances in space5 KB
  - The life cycle of stars5 KB
  - The expanding Universe and the Big Bang4 KB
- Radioactivity and nuclear energy
  - Atomic structure and types of radiation7 KB
  - Half-life and uses of radioactive materials7 KB
  - Nuclear fission and fusion6 KB
Scientific enquiry and mathematical skills
- Scientific enquiry skills7 KB
- Scientific enquiry terminology6 KB
- Mathematical skills for physics7 KB

The first note

Electricity, energy and waves / Electric circuits / Circuit components, current and potential difference

## Circuit symbols Circuits are drawn with standard symbols so that any diagram can be read and built by anyone. | Component | How it is drawn | What it does | |---|---|---| | Cell | a long thin line and a short thick line | supplies potential difference | | Switch | a gap in the wire, closed when the gap is filled | opens and closes the circuit | | Lamp | a circle with a cross inside | transfers electrical energy to light and heat | | Fixed resistor | a small rectangle | limits current | | Variable resistor | a rectangle with an arrow through it | resistance can be changed by hand | | Fuse | a rectangle with a line through its length | melts if the current is too large | | Diode | a triangle pointing at a bar | lets current pass in one direction only | | LED | a diode with two arrows pointing away | a diode that gives out light | | Thermistor | a rectangle with a curved line through it | resistance depends on temperature | | LDR | a rectangle in a circle, with two arrows pointing in | resistance depends on light intensity | | Ammeter | the letter A in a circle | measures current | | Voltmeter | the letter V in a circle | measures potential difference | Two or more cells joined end to end make a battery. ## Current and potential difference An electric **current** is a flow of electric charge. In a metal the charge is carried by electrons, which are free to drift through the lattice of positive ions. Current is measured in amperes (A), and it can only flow round a complete…

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