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CCEA GCSE Religious Studies

GCSE · CCEAReligious Studies63 โน้ต ใน 10 โฟลเดอร์, 289 KB

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Notes for CCEA GCSE Religious Studies (2017 specification), in folders for each unit's content: the Christian Church (shared by the church units, with Catholic and Protestant focus folders), the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, Christian ethics, philosophy of religion, Islam and Judaism. Delete any folder your chosen units leave out once the notes are yours.

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  • The Christian Church
    • Pentecost and St Paul's teaching on the church4 KB
    • The Early Church and its characteristics4 KB
    • The Apostles' Creed3 KB
    • St Patrick and the coming of Christianity to Ireland3 KB
    • The Reformation and the emergence of Protestantism4 KB
    • Church structure, ordination and ministry in the Catholic and Protestant Churches5 KB
    • The Catholic Mass and an order of service in a Protestant church3 KB
    • Styles of worship and types of prayer in Christianity3 KB
    • Church buildings and the symbolism of church furniture3 KB
    • Church festivals: the meaning and purpose of the Christian year4 KB
    • Baptism and the Eucharist or Communion5 KB
    • The role of the Christian Church in contemporary society4 KB
  • The Catholic Church
    • Authority and church government in the Catholic Church3 KB
    • Private worship in the Catholic Church3 KB
    • Mary and the saints in the Catholic Church3 KB
    • Confirmation, Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick3 KB
  • The Protestant Church
    • Organisation of Protestant churches and the priesthood of all believers4 KB
    • The Bible, private worship and speaking in tongues in Protestant Christianity4 KB
    • Confirmation and church membership in Protestant churches3 KB
  • The Revelation of God in the Gospels
    • The identity of Jesus in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke6 KB
    • The teaching of Jesus in Matthew and Luke5 KB
    • Jesus' encounters with religious leaders, women, a tax collector and lepers5 KB
    • The death and resurrection of Jesus in Matthew and Luke6 KB
  • The Gospel of Matthew
    • The identity of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew5 KB
    • The healing miracles in the Gospel of Matthew5 KB
    • The Kingdom of God in the parables of Matthew5 KB
    • The death and resurrection of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew6 KB
    • Discipleship in the Gospel of Matthew5 KB
  • The Gospel of Mark
    • The identity of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark6 KB
    • The healing miracles in the Gospel of Mark7 KB
    • Jesus' teaching in Mark on the Kingdom of God and the Sabbath6 KB
    • The death and resurrection of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark7 KB
    • Discipleship in the Gospel of Mark6 KB
  • Christian ethics
    • Christian views on sexual relationships, celibacy and same-sex relationships5 KB
    • Christian teaching on marriage, divorce, the family and alternatives to marriage5 KB
    • Abortion: the Christian debate5 KB
    • Euthanasia and the Hospice movement5 KB
    • Capital punishment, the aims of punishment and forgiveness4 KB
    • Developments in bioethics: infertility, IVF, embryos and surrogacy5 KB
    • Prejudice and discrimination: Christian teaching4 KB
    • Poverty, injustice and the Christian response5 KB
    • Modern warfare: the Just War tradition, weapons and pacifism6 KB
  • Philosophy of religion
    • Theists, atheists and agnostics, and the arguments for the existence of God6 KB
    • Creation and science: religious and scientific accounts of origins5 KB
    • The nature of God: ways of understanding and describing God4 KB
    • The problem of evil and suffering5 KB
    • Experiencing God: sacred texts, leaders, worship and revelation5 KB
    • Life after death: religious and non-religious beliefs5 KB
  • Islam
    • The formative history of Islam: Muhammad and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs5 KB
    • The Qur'an, the Sunnah and Hadith, and Sharia5 KB
    • Muslim beliefs, the prophets, and the Sunni, Shi'a and Sufi traditions4 KB
    • The Five Pillars of Islam5 KB
    • Muslim worship, the mosque and the Imam, and teaching about the afterlife4 KB
    • Festivals, special days and rites of passage in Islam5 KB
    • Contemporary issues in Islam: women, lifestyle and living in a non-Muslim society5 KB
  • Judaism
    • The formative history of Judaism: Abraham, Moses and the covenant4 KB
    • The importance of Jerusalem and the land of Israel in Judaism3 KB
    • The Hebrew Bible, the Mishnah and the Talmud4 KB
    • Traditions of Judaism, beliefs about God, and the role of Torah and mitzvot4 KB
    • Public and personal worship in Judaism: the synagogue, Shabbat and the home5 KB
    • Jewish festivals: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pesach and Sukkot5 KB
    • Jewish rites of passage: birth, Bar and Bat Mitzvah, marriage and death5 KB
    • Contemporary issues in Judaism: women, lifestyle, persecution and an influential Jew6 KB

โน้ตรายการแรก

The Christian Church / Pentecost and St Paul's teaching on the church

Pentecost

Christians date the birth of the Christian Church to Pentecost, the event described in Acts 2. The disciples were gathered together in Jerusalem some weeks after Jesus' resurrection, in the days when Jerusalem was full of Jewish pilgrims keeping the festival of Shavuot, which falls fifty days after Passover (the word Pentecost comes from the Greek for fiftieth).

Acts 2:1–8 records that:

  • a sound like a strong rushing wind filled the house where they were sitting;
  • what looked like tongues of fire separated and came to rest on each of them;
  • all of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages;
  • the crowd that gathered, made up of Jews from many nations, was amazed to hear their own languages spoken by Galileans.

Wind and fire are both used in the Bible as signs of God's presence and power, and Jesus had promised before he ascended that the disciples would receive the Holy Spirit. The Spirit gave frightened followers the courage to preach in public. Peter's sermon that day (Acts 2:14–41) proclaimed Jesus as Lord and Messiah, and about three thousand people were baptised.

Meaning of Pentecost for Christians

Pentecost is the fulfilment of Jesus' promise that the Spirit would be with his followers, and it marks the point where the disciples stop waiting and begin their mission. The gift of languages is often read as a reversal of the confusion of languages at Babel in Genesis 11: the gospel is for every nation and is not tied to one language or people. Christians therefore speak of the Holy Spirit as the one who empowers the church, guides believers and gives spiritual gifts. Pentecost is celebrated as a festival, and different traditions understand the Spirit's work differently: Pentecostal churches expect gifts such as speaking in tongues to continue today, while many other churches emphasise the Spirit's work in prayer, worship and moral life.

St Paul's teaching on the church

In 1 Corinthians 12 Paul writes to a church in Corinth that was divided and in which some members boasted about their spiritual gifts. His reply uses the image of the church as the body of Christ.

One Spirit, many gifts

In 12:1–11 Paul says that everyone who confesses that Jesus is Lord does so by the Holy Spirit. There are different kinds of gifts, service and working, but the same Spirit, the same Lord and the same God behind them. He lists gifts such as the message of wisdom, the message of knowledge, faith, healing, miracles, prophecy, the ability to tell spirits apart, speaking in tongues and interpreting them. The Spirit distributes these to each person as he chooses, and they are given for the common good, not for private pride.

The body of Christ

In 12:14–27 Paul compares the church to a human body.

  • A body has many parts, yet it is one body. Likewise the church has many members, from different backgrounds (the passage mentions Jews and Greeks, slaves and free) who were all baptised into one body by one Spirit.
  • No part can say it does not belong because it is a different part. A foot cannot claim it is not part of the body because it is not a hand.
  • No part can say to another that it is not needed. The parts that seem weaker are indispensable, and those thought less honourable are treated with special honour.
  • If one part suffers, every part suffers with it, and if one part is honoured, every part rejoices with it.
  • Paul concludes that the Corinthians are the body of Christ and that each of them is a member of it (12:27).
What the teaching means for the church today

Paul's teaching gives Christians several convictions about church life:

  • every member has a gift and a contribution to make, so the church should not depend on a few leaders alone;
  • unity does not mean everyone doing the same thing, and diversity of gifts is intended;
  • members have a duty of care to one another, especially those who are suffering or overlooked;
  • no gift makes one person better than another, since all come from the same Spirit.

The image is used by Catholic and Protestant Christians alike, though they apply it differently. Catholics stress that the church is a visible community under its bishops and the Pope as well as the body of Christ. Many Protestants emphasise that each believer is equal before God and that gifts of lay members matter as much as those of ordained ministers, a point they connect to the priesthood of all believers.

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