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AQA A-Level Psychology

A-Level · AQAPsychology55 notes in 17 folders, 541 KB

Notes for AQA A-Level Psychology (7182), in folders for the topics in the specification's order: social influence, memory, attachment, clinical psychology, approaches, biopsychology, research methods and issues and debates, then one folder for each of the nine options (relationships, gender, cognition and development, schizophrenia, eating behaviour, stress, aggression, forensic psychology, addiction). Delete the option folders your course does not take.

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What is inside

  • Social influence
    • Conformity8 KB
    • Obedience10 KB
    • Resistance to social influence and minority influence8 KB
  • Memory
    • The multi-store model of memory8 KB
    • The working memory model7 KB
    • Explanations for forgetting7 KB
    • Eyewitness testimony and the cognitive interview10 KB
  • Attachment
    • Animal studies and explanations of attachment12 KB
    • Ainsworth's Strange Situation and cultural variations8 KB
    • Maternal deprivation, institutionalisation and later relationships12 KB
  • Clinical psychology and mental health
    • Definitions of abnormality8 KB
    • Phobias10 KB
    • Depression10 KB
    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder10 KB
  • Approaches in psychology
    • The learning approaches12 KB
    • The cognitive and biological approaches9 KB
    • The psychodynamic and humanistic approaches, and comparing approaches14 KB
  • Biopsychology
    • The nervous system, neurons and the endocrine system9 KB
    • Ways of studying the brain7 KB
    • Localisation, lateralisation and plasticity13 KB
  • Research methods
    • Experiments, observations, self-reports, correlations and case studies10 KB
    • Aims, hypotheses, sampling and research design9 KB
    • Variables, control, ethics and peer review10 KB
    • Reliability, validity, the features of science and reporting8 KB
    • Descriptive statistics and the presentation of data10 KB
    • Inferential testing9 KB
  • Issues and debates
    • Gender and culture bias, free will and determinism, and nature and nurture12 KB
    • Holism and reductionism, idiographic and nomothetic approaches, and social sensitivity10 KB
  • Relationships
    • Attraction in romantic relationships8 KB
    • Theories of romantic relationships and relationship breakdown11 KB
    • Online and parasocial relationships10 KB
  • Gender
    • Sex, chromosomes, hormones and gender identity10 KB
    • Cognitive and social explanations of gender development10 KB
    • Gender incongruence8 KB
  • Cognition and development
    • Piaget's theory of cognitive development10 KB
    • Vygotsky and Baillargeon9 KB
    • The development of social cognition10 KB
  • Schizophrenia
    • Symptoms and diagnosis of schizophrenia9 KB
    • Explanations for schizophrenia12 KB
    • Treating schizophrenia and the interactionist approach11 KB
  • Eating behaviour
    • Food preferences and the control of eating9 KB
    • Anorexia nervosa11 KB
    • Obesity9 KB
  • Stress
    • The physiology of stress and the role of stress in illness9 KB
    • Sources and measurement of stress8 KB
    • Individual differences in stress and managing stress15 KB
  • Aggression
    • Biological explanations of aggression8 KB
    • Ethological, evolutionary and social psychological explanations of aggression11 KB
    • Institutional aggression and media influences11 KB
  • Forensic psychology
    • Offender profiling9 KB
    • Explanations of offending behaviour14 KB
    • Dealing with offending behaviour12 KB
  • Addiction
    • Describing addiction, risk factors and explanations for nicotine addiction9 KB
    • Gambling addiction7 KB
    • Reducing addiction and Prochaska's model of behaviour change12 KB

The first note

Social influence / Conformity

## What conformity is **Conformity** is a change in a person's behaviour or beliefs as a result of real or imagined pressure from a group. It is not the same as simply doing what one is told, which is obedience, because nobody in the group gives an order; the pressure comes from the fact that everyone else is doing or believing something. ## Types of conformity Kelman (1958) distinguished several ways in which a person can go along with a group, and two of them matter here. **Compliance** is going along with the group in public while privately keeping one's own view. The change in behaviour lasts only as long as the group is watching, and it is usually a response to the wish to be accepted or to avoid disapproval. A person who laughs at a joke they find unfunny because the rest of the room is laughing is complying. **Internalisation** is the deepest form of conformity. The person accepts the group's view as their own, both in public and in private, so the change lasts even when the group is no longer present. It happens when the group's beliefs seem to be correct, as when a person who joins a new community comes to share its values and keeps them after leaving. A third type, identification, sits between the two: the person adopts the views of a group they want to belong to, because they value being a member, but without necessarily believing them privately once they leave. ## Explanations for conformity Deutsch and Gerard (1955) proposed two processes, each linked to a…

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