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WJEC GCSE Biology

GCSE · WJECBiology25 notes in 3 folders, 138 KB

Notes for WJEC GCSE Biology (3400, the Wales specification), in folders for the specification's three units in its order: cells, organ systems and ecosystems; variation, homeostasis and micro-organisms; and scientific enquiry with the maths skills. The specified practicals sit in the topics they belong to, and Higher-tier content is marked where it sits. Delete any folder or note your course leaves out once the notes are yours.

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What is inside

  • Cells, organ systems and ecosystems
    • Cells, microscopy and specialisation6 KB
    • Movement across cell membranes4 KB
    • Enzymes4 KB
    • Respiration and the respiratory system8 KB
    • Digestion, diet and the energy in food8 KB
    • The circulatory system and cardiovascular disease8 KB
    • Photosynthesis5 KB
    • Transport in plants5 KB
    • Food chains, energy and nutrient cycles7 KB
    • Human impact on the environment3 KB
  • Variation, homeostasis and micro-organisms
    • Classification, adaptation and biodiversity4 KB
    • Sampling populations and managing species5 KB
    • Cell division and stem cells4 KB
    • DNA, genetic profiling and inheritance8 KB
    • Variation, mutation and inherited disorders5 KB
    • Evolution and natural selection4 KB
    • The nervous system, reflexes and the eye5 KB
    • Homeostasis, hormones and plant responses8 KB
    • The kidneys, water balance and kidney failure8 KB
    • Culturing micro-organisms and penicillin4 KB
    • Pathogens and communicable diseases4 KB
    • Body defences, vaccination and monoclonal antibodies4 KB
    • Antibiotics, resistance and new medicines4 KB
  • Scientific enquiry
    • Scientific enquiry skills and terminology7 KB
    • Mathematical skills6 KB

The first note

Cells, organ systems and ecosystems / Cells, microscopy and specialisation

## Animal and plant cells The cell is the basic unit of living things, and most of what a cell does is carried out by parts inside it. Animal and plant cells share most of these parts, and plant cells have three extra ones. | Part | What it is | What it does | |---|---|---| | Cell membrane | a thin, flexible layer around the cytoplasm | controls which substances enter and leave the cell | | Cytoplasm | a watery gel that fills the cell | where most chemical reactions of the cell take place | | Nucleus | a large structure containing the genetic material | controls the activities of the cell | | Mitochondria | tiny rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm | release energy from glucose during aerobic respiration | | Cell wall | a rigid layer outside the membrane, made of cellulose (plants only) | supports the cell and keeps its shape | | Chloroplasts | green structures containing chlorophyll (plants only, in cells that are exposed to light) | absorb light energy for photosynthesis | | Vacuole | a large space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap (plants only) | stores water and dissolved substances, and helps keep the cell firm | An animal cell therefore has a membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondria. A plant cell has all of those as well as a cell wall, chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole. Root cells have no chloroplasts because no light reaches them. ## Using a light microscope A light microscope magnifies a thin specimen by passing light through it, and lets you see the…

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