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OCR GCSE Biology

GCSE · OCRBiology36 notes in 8 folders, 195 KB

Notes for OCR GCSE Biology A (Gateway Science, J247), in folders for the specification's six content topics in its order (cell level systems to global challenges), with the practical work folded into the topics it belongs to and closing folders on practical skills, working scientifically and the maths the course uses. Higher-tier content is marked where it sits. Delete any note your tier does not need once the notes are yours.

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What is inside

  • Cell level systems
    • Cells, microscopy and magnification7 KB
    • DNA and protein synthesis5 KB
    • Enzymes6 KB
    • Biological molecules5 KB
    • Respiration5 KB
    • Photosynthesis6 KB
  • Scaling up
    • Diffusion, osmosis and active transport6 KB
    • Mitosis, differentiation and stem cells6 KB
    • Surface area to volume ratio and the need for transport5 KB
    • The circulatory system5 KB
    • Transport in plants7 KB
  • Organism level systems
    • The nervous system and reflexes5 KB
    • The eye and the brain5 KB
    • Hormones and the endocrine system7 KB
    • Plant hormones4 KB
    • Body temperature and blood glucose5 KB
    • The kidneys and water balance5 KB
  • Community level systems
    • Communities and interdependence5 KB
    • Trophic levels and biomass4 KB
    • Cycling of materials5 KB
  • Genes, inheritance and selection
    • Genomes, variation and mutation5 KB
    • Reproduction and meiosis4 KB
    • Genetic crosses and the history of genetics5 KB
    • Natural selection and evolution5 KB
    • Darwin, Wallace and classification5 KB
  • Global challenges
    • Sampling organisms in the field5 KB
    • Biodiversity and human impact5 KB
    • Food security and food production4 KB
    • Genetic engineering and gene technology5 KB
    • Communicable diseases and plant disease6 KB
    • Defence against disease and monoclonal antibodies6 KB
    • Medicines and culturing microorganisms6 KB
    • Non-communicable disease6 KB
  • Practical skills
    • Apparatus and techniques6 KB
  • Working scientifically and maths skills
    • Scientific thinking and evaluation8 KB
    • Data, units and maths skills8 KB

The first note

Cell level systems / Cells, microscopy and magnification

## Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Cells are the basic units of living organisms, and each contains smaller structures called sub-cellular structures that carry out particular jobs. Plants, animals and fungi are built from **eukaryotic** cells, which keep their genetic material inside a nucleus. Bacteria are **prokaryotic** cells, which have no nucleus. A cell is a three-dimensional object, so a slice through it on a slide can look quite different from the whole cell. ### Sub-cellular structures | Structure | What it contains or does | Found in | |---|---|---| | Nucleus | Holds the genetic material, which is arranged in chromosomes, and controls the activity of the cell | Animal and plant cells | | Cell membrane | A thin layer around the cytoplasm that holds receptor molecules and acts as a selective barrier, controlling which substances pass in and out | All cells | | Cytoplasm | A watery gel where most chemical reactions take place | All cells | | Mitochondria | Contain the enzymes for cellular respiration, so they are where most ATP is released | Animal and plant cells | | Ribosomes | The site of protein synthesis | All cells | | Chloroplasts | Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis | Plant cells (the green parts) | | Cell wall | A rigid layer around the membrane that supports the cell | Plant cells and bacteria | | Permanent vacuole | A sac of cell sap that keeps the cell firm | Plant cells | The receptor molecules in the cell membrane detect…

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