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AQA GCSE History

GCSE · AQAHistory87 notes in 20 folders, 603 KB

Notes for AQA GCSE History (8145), in folders for each of the specification's four elements: period studies, wider world depth studies, thematic studies and British depth studies. Every option has its own folder, with notes following the option's parts in order. Delete the folders for options your class does not study once the notes are yours.

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What is inside

  • Period studies
    • America 1840–1895
      • America 1840–1895: the West, settlers and the Plains Indians before 18517 KB
      • America 1840–1895: conflict on the Plains, the Mormons and the road to civil war8 KB
      • America 1840–1895: the aftermath of the Civil War and Reconstruction5 KB
      • America 1840–1895: settling the West and the end of the frontier7 KB
    • Germany 1890–1945
      • Germany 1890–1945: the Kaiser's Germany and the impact of the First World War6 KB
      • Germany 1890–1945: the Weimar Republic, 1919 to 19296 KB
      • Germany 1890–1945: the Depression, the failure of Weimar democracy and Hitler's rise7 KB
      • Germany 1890–1945: the economy and society under the Nazis7 KB
      • Germany 1890–1945: control, propaganda and opposition under the Nazis6 KB
    • Russia 1894–1945
      • Russia 1894–1945: Tsarist Russia, the 1905 Revolution and attempts at reform6 KB
      • Russia 1894–1945: the First World War and the end of Tsarism5 KB
      • Russia 1894–1945: the Provisional Government and the Bolshevik seizure of power5 KB
      • Russia 1894–1945: Lenin's dictatorship, the Civil War and the New Economic Policy6 KB
      • Russia 1894–1945: Stalin's rise to power and the terror5 KB
      • Russia 1894–1945: Stalin's modernisation of the USSR and the Great Patriotic War7 KB
    • America 1920–1973
      • America 1920–1973: the Boom of the 1920s5 KB
      • America 1920–1973: society and culture in the 1920s6 KB
      • America 1920–1973: the Wall Street Crash and the Depression under Hoover6 KB
      • America 1920–1973: Roosevelt and the New Deal7 KB
      • America 1920–1973: the Second World War and post-war society5 KB
      • America 1920–1973: segregation and the Civil Rights movement, 1950s and 1960s6 KB
      • America 1920–1973: the Great Society, feminism and the fight for equal rights6 KB
  • Wider world depth studies
    • First World War 1894–1918
      • The First World War, 1894–1918: alliances, rivalry and the outbreak of war6 KB
      • The First World War, 1894–1918: the Schlieffen Plan, stalemate and the Western Front7 KB
      • The First World War, 1894–1918: how the war ended6 KB
    • The inter-war years 1918–1939
      • The inter-war years, 1918–1939: peacemaking and the Treaty of Versailles7 KB
      • The inter-war years, 1918–1939: the League of Nations and international peace in the 1920s6 KB
      • The inter-war years, 1918–1939: the collapse of the League of Nations in the 1930s5 KB
      • The inter-war years, 1918–1939: Hitler's foreign policy, appeasement and the escalation of tension7 KB
      • The inter-war years, 1918–1939: the road to war in 19395 KB
    • East and West 1945–1972
      • Conflict and tension between East and West, 1945–1972: the origins of the Cold War7 KB
      • Conflict and tension between East and West, 1945–1972: the development of the Cold War6 KB
      • Conflict and tension between East and West, 1945–1972: the Berlin Wall and Cuba5 KB
      • Conflict and tension between East and West, 1945–1972: Czechoslovakia and détente6 KB
    • Asia 1950–1975
      • Conflict and tension in Asia, 1950–1975: the Korean War6 KB
      • Conflict and tension in Asia, 1950–1975: Vietnam, from French rule to Johnson's war8 KB
      • Conflict and tension in Asia, 1950–1975: Nixon's war and the end of the conflict in Vietnam7 KB
    • The Gulf and Afghanistan 1990–2009
      • Conflict and tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009: tensions in the Gulf and the 1990 Gulf War6 KB
      • Conflict and tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009: Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and the war in Afghanistan6 KB
      • Conflict and tension in the Gulf and Afghanistan, 1990–2009: Saddam Hussein, the 2003 invasion and the Iraq War7 KB
  • Thematic studies
    • Health and the people, c1000 to the present
      • Medieval medicine in Britain, c1000–c15007 KB
      • Public health and the Black Death in medieval Britain, c1000–c15006 KB
      • Renaissance medicine and the beginnings of change in Britain, c1500–c17509 KB
      • Germ theory and the revolution in surgery in Britain, c1750–c19008 KB
      • Public health in industrial Britain, c1750–c19007 KB
      • Public health, the Welfare State and the NHS in Britain, 1900 to the present8 KB
      • Modern medicine and surgery in Britain, 1900 to the present8 KB
    • Power and the people, c1170 to the present
      • Challenging authority and feudalism in medieval England, 1199–13819 KB
      • Challenging royal authority in England and America, 1536–178312 KB
      • The extension of the vote in Britain, 1760s–18858 KB
      • Campaigning groups and reformers in Britain, 1787–19008 KB
      • Workers' movements and trade unionism in Britain, 1799–19007 KB
      • Women's rights and the vote in Britain, 1860s to the present7 KB
      • Workers' rights and minority rights in Britain in the 20th century9 KB
    • Migration, empires and the people, c790 to the present
      • Vikings and Anglo-Saxons in England, c790–10426 KB
      • The Normans, the Angevin empire and the Hundred Years' War, 1066–14537 KB
      • Looking west: the Caribbean and North America, c1560–17837 KB
      • Migrants to, from and within Britain, c1550–19149 KB
      • Expansion in India, c1600–19009 KB
      • Expansion in Africa, c1800–19149 KB
      • The end of the British Empire and its legacy, 1914–19829 KB
      • Britain and Europe, 1945 to the present6 KB
  • British depth studies
    • Norman England, c1066–c1100
      • The causes and course of the Norman Conquest of England, 10667 KB
      • Establishing and maintaining Norman control of England, 1066–11008 KB
      • Feudalism, government, law and the Domesday Book in Norman England9 KB
      • Economic and social change and everyday life in Norman England6 KB
      • The Norman Church and monasticism in England8 KB
      • The historic environment of Norman England: studying a Norman site8 KB
    • Medieval England, the reign of Edward I, 1272–1307
      • Edward I, government and the rights of the king and the people, 1272–13078 KB
      • Trade, towns, villages and royal finance in the reign of Edward I7 KB
      • Education, learning and the legal system in the reign of Edward I7 KB
      • Medieval warfare and Edward I's conquest of Wales, 1277–12957 KB
      • Edward I and Scotland, 1286–13075 KB
      • The historic environment of Medieval England: studying a site from Edward I's reign6 KB
    • Elizabethan England, c1568–1603
      • Elizabeth I, her court and Parliament8 KB
      • A golden age? Living standards, fashions and the theatre in Elizabethan England7 KB
      • The poor in Elizabethan England: causes, attitudes and government action6 KB
      • English sailors in Elizabethan England: Hawkins, Drake and Raleigh7 KB
      • Religion in Elizabethan England: Catholics, Puritans and the settlement8 KB
      • Mary Queen of Scots and the war with Spain in Elizabethan England9 KB
      • The historic environment of Elizabethan England: studying a site7 KB
    • Restoration England, 1660–1685
      • Crown and Parliament in Restoration England, 1660–16858 KB
      • The Catholic question in Restoration England: plots and the Exclusion Crisis5 KB
      • Charles II's court, Restoration culture and society in England, 1660–16858 KB
      • Crisis in London: the Great Plague of 1665 and the Great Fire of 16668 KB
      • Land, trade and war in Restoration England: empire, the Navigation Acts and the Dutch wars9 KB
      • The historic environment of Restoration England: studying a site7 KB

The first note

Period studies / America 1840–1895 / America 1840–1895: the West, settlers and the Plains Indians before 1851

## The geography of the West In the 1840s most Americans lived east of the Mississippi. The land beyond it was crossed by a succession of landscapes: the Great Plains, a huge area of grassland running from the Mississippi valley to the Rocky Mountains, then the Rockies themselves, the deserts and basins of the interior, and the Pacific coast. Early explorers described the Plains as unsuitable for farming, with little rain, few trees and hard, dry summers, and maps of the time labelled the area the **Great American Desert**. This belief discouraged settlement of the Plains for decades, and most migrants simply crossed them on the way to Oregon or California. The attitude changed as the 1840s went on. Newspapers and politicians promoted the idea of **Manifest Destiny**, the belief that the United States had a God-given right, even a duty, to spread across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The phrase was popularised in the mid-1840s. It gave settlers' ambitions a moral justification and treated the land as empty and available, which ignored the many Native American peoples who already lived there. The United States added Texas (1845), took Oregon territory by agreement with Britain (1846) and gained California and much of the south-west from Mexico after the war of 1846–1848. ## Why people went west Settlers went for a mixture of push and pull reasons. Pushing them out of the East were economic hardship after the financial crash of 1837, crowded farmland, and…

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